Refinery operations, closures and phased shutdowns each change the air pollution and health risks facing neighboring communities. Understanding these risks helps regulators, operators and local governments set monitoring, emissions and safety priorities that protect residents while a facility is running, winding down or being dismantled. This session examines what is known about refinery emissions and community exposure, where monitoring and oversight gaps remain, and how health protections can be built into transition and decommissioning planning.